Sensory processing refers to the brain’s ability to receive, organise, and respond to information from the senses. When this process works smoothly, children respond to sensory input in expected ways. When it does not, children may be overwhelmed by sensations that others find unremarkable, or may seek intense sensory input that others find excessive. Understanding sensory processing difficulties helps adults support children who experience the world differently.
Over-Responsivity (Hypersensitivity)
Children who are over-responsive to sensory input may react intensely to stimuli that others tolerate easily. Signs include distress at loud or unexpected noises, aversion to certain textures (clothing fabrics, food textures, art materials), discomfort with bright lights, avoidance of being touched or bumped, difficulty in noisy or crowded environments, and extreme reactions to minor pain or discomfort.
Under-Responsivity (Hyposensitivity)
Children who are under-responsive may not register sensory input that others notice readily. Signs include high pain tolerance, not noticing when hands or face are dirty, seeming unaware of environmental sounds, appearing sluggish or slow to respond, and needing intense sensory experiences to become engaged.
Sensory Seeking
Some children actively seek intense sensory input. Signs include crashing into furniture or people, spinning or rocking excessively, chewing on non-food objects, touching everything in the environment, seeking out loud noises or intense visual stimulation, and constantly being in motion.
Impact on Daily Life
When sensory processing difficulties are significant, they can affect a child’s ability to participate in daily activities, engage in play, tolerate childcare environments, manage transitions, and regulate emotions. What looks like “misbehaviour” may actually be a child’s response to sensory overload or sensory deprivation.
What to Do
If sensory processing difficulties are significantly affecting a child’s daily functioning, an occupational therapist with training in sensory integration can assess the child’s sensory profile and develop strategies for support. Environmental modifications, sensory diets (planned schedules of sensory activities), and accommodations in the childcare setting can make a substantial difference.
Educators who track sensory responses as part of broader developmental and wellbeing documentation using Personhood360 can identify patterns, adapt environments proactively, and share observations with families and occupational therapists to support coordinated care.